Due Diligence Checklist · Distillery

Distillery Buyer Due Diligence Checklist

Before you acquire a craft distillery, verify every license, barrel, and distributor agreement with this industry-specific checklist built for $1M–$5M transactions.

Acquiring a craft distillery is one of the most compliance-intensive transactions in the lower middle market. Beyond standard financial review, buyers must assess federal TTB permits, state alcohol license transferability, aged barrel inventory with multi-year maturation timelines, and distributor relationships that may not survive an ownership change. This checklist organizes your due diligence across five critical areas so you can move from letter of intent to close with confidence and avoid costly post-acquisition surprises.

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Regulatory Compliance & Licensing

Alcohol licensing is the single highest-risk area in any distillery acquisition. A single compliance gap can delay close or void the deal entirely.

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Obtain and review all active TTB Distilled Spirits Plant (DSP) permits and full compliance history.

TTB permits are non-transferable and must be reissued; violations can block or delay your federal approval.

Red flag: Any TTB warning letters, compliance actions, or unresolved bond issues in the past five years.

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Audit all state alcohol manufacturing, wholesale, and retail licenses for current standing and transferability.

State license transferability varies significantly and can stall operations post-close for months.

Red flag: Licenses tied to individual owners rather than the entity, or any pending suspensions or revocations.

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Review local zoning approvals, use permits, and fire marshal certifications for the production facility.

Distilleries require specific hazardous materials and flammable liquid zoning approvals that are not automatic.

Red flag: Facility operating under a variance or conditional use permit that is non-transferable to a new owner.

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Confirm all federal excise tax (FET) filings and payments to TTB are current with no outstanding liabilities.

Unpaid FET obligations transfer with the business and represent a direct government liability to the buyer.

Red flag: Any late FET filings, payment deferrals, or outstanding TTB tax liens against the business.

Inventory Valuation & Barrel Aging Records

Aged spirits inventory is often the most significant and most misunderstood asset on a distillery's balance sheet.

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Commission an independent third-party barrel inventory audit with documented proof-gallons and fill dates.

Barrel values can represent 30–60% of total acquisition price; unverified counts create major pricing risk.

Red flag: Seller-only barrel counts with no third-party verification or incomplete fill and entry records.

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Review all barrel aging logs, entry proof documentation, and TTB production records for completeness.

TTB requires precise records of all spirits in bond; gaps signal compliance risk and complicate valuation.

Red flag: Missing or inconsistent barrel entry records that cannot be reconciled with TTB production filings.

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Obtain independent spirits yield projections and age statements for all work-in-progress barrels.

Future spirits yield determines when and at what margin barrels can be sold or bottled.

Red flag: No documented yield projections or barrels aging beyond optimal peak with no bottling plan in place.

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Verify raw material and finished goods inventory quantities against balance sheet values and warehouse records.

Finished goods are immediately monetizable; overvalued inventory inflates enterprise value artificially.

Red flag: Significant discrepancy between stated inventory value and actual warehouse counts or finished SKU records.

Financial Performance & Revenue Streams

Craft distillery financials require careful add-back analysis and channel-by-channel revenue review to reveal true profitability.

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Request three years of CPA-reviewed financials and reconcile all revenue by channel: wholesale, tasting room, and DTC.

Channel mix determines margin quality; tasting room and DTC revenue carry 2–3x the margin of wholesale.

Red flag: Revenue concentrated more than 70% in a single channel or single wholesale distributor relationship.

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Reconstruct a normalized EBITDA with full owner add-backs, one-time expenses, and non-cash barrel depreciation adjustments.

Owner compensation and perks in craft distilleries routinely obscure true earning power by 20–40%.

Red flag: No formal add-back schedule provided or seller unwilling to document personal expenses run through the business.

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Analyze tasting room and cocktail bar revenue trends, ticket counts, and event income over 24 months.

Experiential revenue drives premium valuation multiples and indicates brand loyalty beyond retail shelf presence.

Red flag: Declining tasting room traffic with no event programming, or tasting room revenue dependent on owner's personal presence.

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Review direct-to-consumer e-commerce and spirits club subscription data including churn rates and average order value.

DTC recurring revenue is highly transferable and commands the strongest valuation premium in craft spirits.

Red flag: DTC platform owned personally by the founder or subscriber list that is not contractually transferable to buyer.

Distribution Agreements & Brand Assets

A distillery's market reach is only as durable as its distributor contracts and the strength of its trademark-protected brand.

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Review all distributor agreements for assignment clauses, territory exclusivity, minimum volume commitments, and termination rights.

Most distributor agreements are not assignable without consent; a new owner may need to renegotiate from scratch.

Red flag: Key distributor agreements with change-of-control termination clauses covering more than 40% of wholesale revenue.

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Confirm trademark registrations for all brand names, logos, and product line names with the USPTO and in key states.

Unregistered brand names in a competitive market expose buyers to immediate third-party infringement claims.

Red flag: Brand names or logos in use commercially but not registered, or active trademark disputes with competing producers.

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Obtain all documented recipes, production SOPs, and quality control protocols in written, transferable format.

Undocumented recipes held only in the founder's memory are not an acquirable asset in any meaningful sense.

Red flag: No written recipes, no documented production SOPs, or key production knowledge held exclusively by departing owner.

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Assess social media account ownership, brand website control, and email list transferability as part of IP schedule.

Digital brand assets drive DTC and tasting room traffic and are often overlooked in distillery asset schedules.

Red flag: Social media accounts registered under the founder's personal email with no documented transfer mechanism.

Equipment, Facility & Operations

Distilling equipment is capital-intensive and failure-prone. Deferred maintenance can surface as six-figure replacement costs within 12 months of close.

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Commission an independent equipment appraisal covering all stills, condensers, fermenters, bottling lines, and barrel storage.

Replacement cost for a mid-size pot still and associated equipment routinely exceeds $500,000.

Red flag: No maintenance records available, or equipment appraised significantly below book value on the seller's balance sheet.

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Inspect HVAC, climate control, and structural integrity of barrel warehouses or rickhouses for all aging inventory.

Improper barrel storage temperatures accelerate evaporation loss and can permanently damage aging spirits quality.

Red flag: Evidence of roof leaks, inadequate climate control, or barrel storage not meeting TTB regulatory standards.

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Review all facility leases or real estate ownership documents including options, renewal terms, and assignment rights.

A short or non-assignable facility lease can strand a buyer without a production location post-close.

Red flag: Facility lease expiring within 24 months of close with no renewal option or landlord consent required for assignment.

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Evaluate key employee retention risk including head distiller, tasting room manager, and production staff.

Loss of the head distiller post-close can disrupt production continuity and damage product consistency immediately.

Red flag: Head distiller with no employment agreement, non-compete, or documented intention to leave following ownership change.

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Deal-Killer Red Flags for Distillery

  • TTB Distilled Spirits Plant permit has any unresolved compliance actions, bond deficiencies, or warning letters that could block federal reissuance to a new owner.
  • More than 50% of total revenue is attributable to a single distributor, with a change-of-control termination clause in that distributor agreement.
  • Barrel inventory records are seller-maintained only with no third-party audit trail, creating unverifiable valuation claims for the largest asset class in the deal.
  • Core brand names or product trademarks are unregistered or subject to an active USPTO opposition or state-level infringement dispute.
  • Facility lease expires within 18 months of projected close date with no executed renewal option and landlord unwilling to provide assignment consent.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a TTB Distilled Spirits Plant permit be transferred to a new owner at closing?

No. TTB DSP permits are issued to a specific legal entity and cannot be assigned or transferred. A buyer must apply for a new DSP permit before commencing any distilling operations, which typically takes 60–120 days. Buyers should begin the TTB application process immediately after signing a letter of intent and structure the purchase agreement to allow continued operations under the seller's permit during the transition period, subject to TTB guidelines.

How should aged barrel inventory be valued in a distillery acquisition?

Aged barrel inventory should be valued using a combination of current replacement cost for new-make spirit, projected yield at maturity, current wholesale market value for comparable aged spirits of the same type and age, and a discount factor for time-to-market. Buyers should require an independent third-party barrel audit confirming proof-gallons, fill dates, and storage conditions before accepting any seller-stated barrel values in the purchase price allocation.

What happens to distributor agreements when a distillery changes ownership?

Most state-regulated alcohol distributor agreements contain change-of-control or assignment provisions that require distributor consent before the agreement can transfer to a new owner. In some states, franchise-style alcohol distribution laws give distributors significant termination rights upon ownership change. Buyers must review every active distributor agreement during due diligence and initiate consent conversations early, as losing a key distributor post-close can materially impair projected revenue.

Is an SBA 7(a) loan a viable financing option for a craft distillery acquisition?

Yes. Craft distilleries are generally SBA 7(a) eligible when they meet standard SBA size and operating history requirements. However, SBA lenders will scrutinize aged barrel inventory closely because work-in-progress spirits are illiquid collateral with long monetization timelines. Buyers typically need to inject 10–20% equity and may be required to structure a seller note for a portion of inventory value. Engaging an SBA lender with craft beverage or hospitality industry experience significantly improves approval speed and loan terms.

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