Due Diligence Guide · Speech Therapy Practice

Due Diligence Guide: Acquiring a Speech Therapy Practice

Evaluate payer mix stability, clinician retention risk, HIPAA compliance, and referral source durability before closing on an SLP practice.

Find Speech Therapy Practice Acquisition Targets

Acquiring a speech therapy practice requires scrutiny beyond standard financial review. Buyers must assess owner clinical dependency, Medicaid reimbursement exposure, SLP licensure and retention risk, and the durability of school district and physician referral relationships that drive sustainable revenue.

Speech Therapy Practice Due Diligence Phases

01

Financial & Revenue Quality

Verify revenue sustainability by analyzing payer mix, reimbursement rates, and owner-adjusted EBITDA across at least three years of accrual-based financials.

Payer Mix Breakdowncritical

Quantify revenue by private insurance, Medicaid, school contracts, and direct pay. Heavy Medicaid concentration above 50% signals reimbursement rate risk and administrative burden.

Owner Compensation Add-Backscritical

Identify all personal expenses run through the practice and document legitimate add-backs to calculate true normalized EBITDA for accurate valuation and SBA underwriting.

Billing Collections Rateimportant

Review accounts receivable aging and collections ratios by payer. Persistent AR over 90 days may indicate billing errors, credentialing gaps, or payer contract disputes.

02

Clinical Operations & Compliance

Assess HIPAA compliance posture, EHR documentation quality, billing audit history, and staff licensure records to quantify regulatory and operational risk.

HIPAA & EHR Compliance Auditcritical

Review business associate agreements, PHI handling procedures, and EHR documentation standards. Any unresolved audit findings or breach history materially increases liability exposure.

SLP Licensure Verificationcritical

Confirm all licensed clinicians hold current state licensure, required CEUs, and applicable specialty certifications. Lapses can disrupt billing and trigger payer contract violations.

Billing & Coding Audit Historyimportant

Request any prior insurance or Medicaid audit correspondence. Unresolved overpayment demands or pattern billing errors represent significant post-close financial and compliance liability.

03

People, Referrals & Deal Structure

Evaluate owner dependency, clinician retention probability, referral source concentration, and appropriate deal structure to protect against revenue erosion post-close.

Owner Clinical Dependency Assessmentcritical

Determine what percentage of billable hours the owner personally generates. Owners responsible for more than 40% of revenue with no transition plan significantly elevate post-close risk.

Referral Source Concentrationimportant

Map revenue by referral origin — school districts, pediatricians, ENTs, direct pay. Single-source concentration above 30% warrants earnout provisions or seller retention commitments.

Staff Retention & Non-Compete Reviewimportant

Review employment agreements, non-solicitation clauses, and compensation benchmarks for all SLPs. Clinician departures post-close are the most common source of revenue erosion.

04

Phase 4: SBA Financing and Deal Structure Validation

Verify the Speech Therapy Practice acquisition qualifies for SBA financing, the purchase price is supportable by the verified cash flow, and the deal structure protects the buyer's downside.

SBA Eligibility Confirmationcritical

Confirm the Speech Therapy Practice meets SBA 7(a) eligibility requirements: the business is for-profit, U.S.-based, within SBA size standards, and the buyer meets personal financial requirements. Some industries have specific SBA restrictions — verify before LOI.

Normalized EBITDA vs. SBA Debt Service Coveragecritical

Model verified normalized EBITDA against projected SBA loan payments at current rates. A $1M SBA 7(a) loan at 10.5% over 10 years costs approximately $13,000/month. The Speech Therapy Practice must generate at least 1.25x debt service coverage after a market-rate manager salary to pass underwriting.

Seller Note and Earnout Structure Reviewimportant

Confirm the seller note is properly subordinated to the SBA loan and goes on 24-month standby as required by SBA rules. If an earnout is included, define exact measurement metrics, time period, and dispute resolution process before signing the purchase agreement.

Speech Therapy Practice-Specific Due Diligence Items

  • Confirm all school district service agreements are assignable to the acquiring entity and review renewal terms, rate structures, and termination clauses before closing.
  • Verify that insurance and Medicaid credentialing is tied to the practice entity, not individual clinicians, and assess re-credentialing timelines that could delay post-close billing.
  • Assess telehealth infrastructure and payer-approved billing protocols, as telehealth revenue diversifies geographic reach and provides a buffer against local SLP staffing shortages.
  • Request the practice waitlist data as a demand signal — a sustained waitlist reflects pricing power, community reputation, and scalability potential for a new owner.
  • Evaluate the EHR platform compatibility with any acquirer's existing systems, particularly for PE-backed roll-ups where technology standardization drives operational efficiency across portfolio practices.
  • Verify that the purchase price divided by verified normalized EBITDA produces a multiple consistent with current market comparables for Speech Therapy Practice transactions — overpaying by 0.5x–1.0x EBITDA is the most common buyer error in this sector.
  • Confirm the lease terms are assignable to the buyer with the landlord's written consent, and that the remaining lease term extends at least through the SBA loan term — lenders require this before funding.
  • Request copies of all material vendor contracts, supplier agreements, and service relationships — confirm which are transferable, which require novation, and which may terminate on change of ownership.

Standard Document Request List

Before signing a Letter of Intent, request these documents from the seller. Missing or incomplete items are a red flag — not a reason to proceed without them.

  • 3 years of business tax returns (Schedule C or Form 1120)
  • Last 3 years profit & loss statements (monthly detail)
  • Current balance sheet and accounts receivable aging
  • Customer/client list with revenue by account (anonymized)
  • All active contracts, subscriptions, and recurring agreements
  • Equipment list with condition and estimated replacement cost
  • Employee roster with tenure, title, and compensation
  • Any pending or threatened litigation or regulatory complaints
  • Owner compensation and discretionary expense add-backs
  • Year-to-date financials vs. prior year same period

Frequently Asked Questions

What EBITDA multiple should I expect to pay for a speech therapy practice?

Most speech therapy practices trade at 3.5x–6x EBITDA. Practices with multiple employed SLPs, diversified payer mix, low owner clinical involvement, and recurring school contracts command multiples at the higher end.

Can I use an SBA loan to acquire a speech therapy practice?

Yes. Speech therapy practices are SBA-eligible businesses. SBA 7(a) loans are commonly used with 10–20% buyer equity, a seller note on standby, and loan amounts up to $5M covering purchase price and working capital.

What is the biggest risk when acquiring a speech therapy practice?

Owner clinical dependency is the top risk. If the selling SLP generates more than 40% of revenue personally, revenue attrition post-close is likely unless a structured transition, earnout, or equity rollover is negotiated.

How do I evaluate a practice's Medicaid exposure during due diligence?

Request a three-year payer mix report and compare Medicaid reimbursement rates to commercial benchmarks. Also review any state audit history, overpayment notices, and compliance with current billing and documentation requirements.

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